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BIPM SI Brochure, 9th ed. (2019), §2.3.1 (metre) and Table 7 (SI prefixes)

BIPM SI Brochure, 9th ed. (2019), §2.3.1 (metre) and Table 7 (SI prefixes)

BIPM SI Brochure, 9th ed. (2019), §2.3.1 (metre) and Table 7 (SI prefixes)

BIPM SI Brochure, 9th ed. (2019), §2.3.1 (metre) and Table 7 (SI prefixes)

International Yard and Pound Agreement (1959): 1 yd = 0.9144 m exactly; NIST SP 811 (2008) Appendix B.8

International Yard and Pound Agreement (1959): 1 yd = 0.9144 m exactly; NIST SP 811 (2008) Appendix B.8

NIST Handbook 44, Appendix C: 1 ft = 12 in; the foot per the 1959 agreement (0.3048 m)

International Yard and Pound Agreement (1959): 1 yd = 0.9144 m exactly; NIST SP 811 (2008) Appendix B.8

International Yard and Pound Agreement (1959): 1 yd = 0.9144 m exactly; NIST SP 811 (2008) Appendix B.8

BIPM SI Brochure, 9th ed. (2019), §2.3.1 (metre) and Table 7 (SI prefixes)

BIPM SI Brochure, 9th ed. (2019), §2.3.1 (metre) and Table 7 (SI prefixes)

NIST SP 811 (2008) Appendix B.8: mil (0.001 in) = 2.54E-05 m (exact)

NIST Handbook 44, Appendix C: 1 fathom = 6 ft, 1 furlong = 660 ft; the international foot (0.3048 m), the US survey foot retired at the end of 2022 (NIST/NGS notice)

NIST Handbook 44, Appendix C: 1 fathom = 6 ft, 1 furlong = 660 ft; the international foot (0.3048 m), the US survey foot retired at the end of 2022 (NIST/NGS notice)

NIST SP 811 (2008) Appendix B.8: nautical mile = 1.852E+03 m (exact)

BIPM SI Brochure, 9th ed. (2019), Table 8: 1 au = 149 597 870 700 m (exact)

NIST SP 811 (2008) Appendix B.8: light year = 9.46073E+15 m; exact as c × 365.25 d (the Julian year), c = 299 792 458 m/s

NIST SP 811 (2008) Appendix B.8: parsec = 3.085678E+16 m; exact as 648 000/π au (IAU 2015 Resolution B2)

BIPM SI Brochure, 9th ed. (2019), §2.3.1 (kilogram) and Table 7 (SI prefixes)

BIPM SI Brochure, 9th ed. (2019), §2.3.1 (kilogram) and Table 7 (SI prefixes)

BIPM SI Brochure, 9th ed. (2019), §2.3.1 (kilogram) and Table 7 (SI prefixes)

BIPM SI Brochure, 9th ed. (2019), Table 8: 1 t = 10³ kg

International Yard and Pound Agreement (1959): 1 lb = 0.45359237 kg exactly; NIST SP 811 (2008) Appendix B.8

International Yard and Pound Agreement (1959): 1 lb = 0.45359237 kg exactly; NIST SP 811 (2008) Appendix B.8

UK Weights and Measures Act 1985, Schedule 1: 1 stone = 14 lb; pound per the 1959 agreement

UK Weights and Measures Act 1985, Schedule 1: 1 stone = 14 lb; pound per the 1959 agreement

NIST Handbook 44, Appendix C: 1 lb = 16 oz (avoirdupois); the pound per the 1959 agreement

BIPM SI Brochure, 9th ed. (2019), §2.3.1 (kilogram) and Table 7 (SI prefixes)

NIST SP 811 (2008) Appendix B.8: carat, metric = 2.0E-04 kg (exact)

NIST SP 811 (2008) Appendix B.8: grain = 6.479891E-05 kg (exact); 7000 gr = 1 lb

NIST SP 811 (2008) Appendix B.8: ounce (troy or apothecary) = 3.110348E-02 kg; exact as 480 gr

NIST SP 811 (2008) Appendix B.8: ton, short (2000 lb) = 9.071847E+02 kg; ton, long (2240 lb) = 1.016047E+03 kg; pound per the 1959 agreement

NIST SP 811 (2008) Appendix B.8: ton, short (2000 lb) = 9.071847E+02 kg; ton, long (2240 lb) = 1.016047E+03 kg; pound per the 1959 agreement

A quarter pound by its wrapper's net weight, half a cup by its markings: America's Test Kitchen, King Arthur Baking (4 oz, 113 g); Land O Lakes (32 tablespoons a pound)

King Arthur Baking, Rose Levy Beranbaum, USDA FoodData Central (SR Legacy): 50 g out of the shell; the FDA reference amount for an egg, 21 CFR 101.12(b): 50 g

A quarter ounce by its label's net weight, about 2¼ teaspoons: Red Star (0.25 oz, 7 g), Fleischmann's

BIPM SI Brochure, 9th ed. (2019), Table 8: 1 L = 1 dm³ = 10⁻³ m³; Table 7 (SI prefixes)

BIPM SI Brochure, 9th ed. (2019), Table 8: 1 L = 1 dm³ = 10⁻³ m³; Table 7 (SI prefixes)

NIST Handbook 44, Appendix C (US liquid measure): 1 gal = 231 in³ = 4 qt = 8 pt = 16 cups = 128 fl oz; 1 tbsp = 3 tsp = ½ fl oz; inch per the 1959 agreement

NIST Handbook 44, Appendix C (US liquid measure): 1 gal = 231 in³ = 4 qt = 8 pt = 16 cups = 128 fl oz; 1 tbsp = 3 tsp = ½ fl oz; inch per the 1959 agreement

NIST Handbook 44, Appendix C (US liquid measure): 1 gal = 231 in³ = 4 qt = 8 pt = 16 cups = 128 fl oz; 1 tbsp = 3 tsp = ½ fl oz; inch per the 1959 agreement

NIST Handbook 44, Appendix C (US liquid measure): 1 gal = 231 in³ = 4 qt = 8 pt = 16 cups = 128 fl oz; 1 tbsp = 3 tsp = ½ fl oz; inch per the 1959 agreement

NIST Handbook 44, Appendix C (US liquid measure): 1 gal = 231 in³ = 4 qt = 8 pt = 16 cups = 128 fl oz; 1 tbsp = 3 tsp = ½ fl oz; inch per the 1959 agreement

NIST Handbook 44, Appendix C (US liquid measure): 1 gal = 231 in³ = 4 qt = 8 pt = 16 cups = 128 fl oz; 1 tbsp = 3 tsp = ½ fl oz; inch per the 1959 agreement

NIST Handbook 44, Appendix C (US liquid measure): 1 gal = 231 in³ = 4 qt = 8 pt = 16 cups = 128 fl oz; 1 tbsp = 3 tsp = ½ fl oz; inch per the 1959 agreement

BIPM SI Brochure, 9th ed. (2019), Table 8: 1 L = 1 dm³ = 10⁻³ m³; Table 7 (SI prefixes)

International Yard and Pound Agreement (1959): 1 in = 0.0254 m, so 1 in³ = 16.387064 cm³; 1 ft = 12 in, 1 yd = 3 ft

International Yard and Pound Agreement (1959): 1 in = 0.0254 m, so 1 in³ = 16.387064 cm³; 1 ft = 12 in, 1 yd = 3 ft

International Yard and Pound Agreement (1959): 1 in = 0.0254 m, so 1 in³ = 16.387064 cm³; 1 ft = 12 in, 1 yd = 3 ft

NIST SP 811 (2008) Appendix B.8: barrel (for petroleum, 42 gallons (U.S.)) = 1.589873E-01 m³; exact as 42 US gal

NIST SP 811 (2008) Appendix B.8: gallon (U.K.) = 4.54609E-03 m³ (exact); UK Weights and Measures Act 1985, Schedule 1: 1 gal = 8 pt = 160 fl oz

NIST SP 811 (2008) Appendix B.8: gallon (U.K.) = 4.54609E-03 m³ (exact); UK Weights and Measures Act 1985, Schedule 1: 1 gal = 8 pt = 160 fl oz

NIST SP 811 (2008) Appendix B.8: gallon (U.K.) = 4.54609E-03 m³ (exact); UK Weights and Measures Act 1985, Schedule 1: 1 gal = 8 pt = 160 fl oz

Spooned and leveled; the middle of 6 weighings, 120 to 136 g: USDA's measured cups (1969): 126 g, 510 cups; King Arthur Baking: 120 g; Rose Levy Beranbaum: 121 g; Food Network Kitchen: 125 to 130 g; Stella Parks, Serious Eats: 128 g; Gold Medal: 136 g, 3⅓ cups a pound. Dipped and swept, a cup holds 142 to 143 g (America's Test Kitchen, USDA's 1969 cups); sifted first, 116 g (USDA). USDA's SR Legacy table gives 125 g.

Spooned and leveled; the middle of 5 weighings, 118 to 136 g: USDA's measured cups (1969): 123 g, 40 cups; King Arthur Baking: 120 g; Rose Levy Beranbaum: 129 g; Zojirushi: 118 g, fluffed; Gold Medal: 136 g, 3⅓ cups a pound. Dipped and swept, a cup holds 136 to 156 g (USDA's 1969 cups 136 g, America's Test Kitchen 156 g). USDA's SR Legacy gives 137 g, about what a dipped cup weighs.

Stirred, spooned, and leveled; 2 weighings, 113 to 120 g; with fewer than 3, USDA's measured cups decide: USDA's measured cups (1969): 120 g, 45 cups; King Arthur Baking: 113 g, its Premium 100%. Dipped and swept, a cup holds about 156 g (America's Test Kitchen).

Spooned and leveled, unsifted; 2 weighings, 111 to 113 g; with fewer than 3, USDA's measured cups decide: USDA's measured cups (1969): 111 g, 300 cups; Rose Levy Beranbaum: 113 g. Sifted first, a cup holds 99 to 100 g (USDA's 1969 cups, Rose Levy Beranbaum); dipped, 119 g (USDA). King Arthur's own unbleached cake flour is heavier, 120 g. USDA's SR Legacy gives 137 g, above even a dipped cup.

Spooned and leveled; 1 weighing: King Arthur Baking: 96 g. Dipped, a cup holds about 113 g (America's Test Kitchen); Bob's Red Mill's label gives 112 g. Almond meal is lighter, 84 g (King Arthur Baking).

Spooned or poured, and leveled; the middle of 6 weighings, 188 to 202 g: USDA's measured cups (1969): 196 g, 81 cups; King Arthur Baking: 198 g; America's Test Kitchen: 198 g, dipped, which a free-flowing sugar does not mind; Rose Levy Beranbaum: 200 g; Domino Sugar: 202 g, 2¼ cups a pound; USDA FoodData Central, Foundation Foods: 188 g, 2006 samples. Measuring cups vary more than sugar does: three dry measuring cups held 182, 201, and 212 g of the same sugar (Rose Levy Beranbaum's kitchen).

Firmly packed; the middle of 5 weighings, 181 to 217 g: USDA's measured cups (1969): 211 g, 118 cups; King Arthur Baking: 213 g; Rose Levy Beranbaum: 217 g, light brown; America's Test Kitchen: 198 g; Domino Sugar: 181 to 194 g, 2⅓ cups a pound, 10 cups in 4 pounds. Packing moves it by more grams than any other ingredient here: USDA's 1969 cups varied by 22.5 g (one standard deviation).

Spooned and leveled, unsifted; the middle of 4 weighings, 112 to 121 g: USDA's measured cups (1969): 113 g, 40 cups; King Arthur Baking: 113 g; Rose Levy Beranbaum: 112 to 114 g; Domino Sugar: 121 g, 3¾ cups a pound. Sifted first, a cup holds 95 g (USDA's 1969 cups, 64 cups).

By the stick, half a cup each; the middle of 5 weighings, 226 to 227 g: America's Test Kitchen: 227 g; King Arthur Baking: 226 g; Rose Levy Beranbaum: 227 g; Land O Lakes: 227 g, 32 tablespoons a pound; USDA Food Buying Guide: 227 g, a pound is 2 cups. A US stick is a quarter pound and half a cup, its wrapper marked in tablespoons.

Poured to the line; by density, 216 to 218 g: Codex Alimentarius CXS 210, soybean oil: 217 to 218 g, at 20 °C; Codex Alimentarius CXS 210, canola oil: 216 to 217 g, at 20 °C; Danish food composition table: 218 g, oil in general, 1996, read in FAO/INFOODS. Soybean oil is the usual US vegetable oil, canola the next. Cups filled by hand weigh about 4% less: USDA's 1969 cups 209 g, America's Test Kitchen 210 g, Milk Street 206 g.

Poured to the line; by density, 215 to 216 g: Codex Alimentarius CXS 33: 215 to 216 g, at 20 °C. Cups filled by hand weigh less: America's Test Kitchen 210 g.

Packed and leveled; the middle of 4 weighings, 176 to 190 g: Milk Street: 187 g, measured several times, averaged; Crisco's 1-cup baking stick: 190 g; King Arthur Baking: 184 g; America's Test Kitchen: 176 g. USDA's 1969 cups, spooned rather than packed, weighed 187 g; USDA's SR Legacy gives 205 g, above every cup weighed.

Poured to the line; by density, 243 to 244 g: University of Guelph, dairy science: 243 to 244 g, from 20 °C to cold; Danish food composition table: 244 g, 1996, read in FAO/INFOODS. Cups filled by hand weigh a little less (USDA's 1969 cups: 241 g). Charts that write a cup of milk as 8 oz, 227 g, are 7% light.

Poured to the line, cold; by density, 233 to 238 g: University of Guelph, dairy science: 235 to 238 g, from 20 °C to cold; Danish food composition table: 233 g, 38% fat, 1996, read in FAO/INFOODS. Cold cream is denser than warm; used cold, it takes the middle of the two. Cups filled by hand weigh a little less (USDA's 1969 cups: 232 g).

Spooned and leveled; the middle of 3 weighings, 236 to 238 g: USDA's measured cups (1969): 236 g, 32 cups; America's Test Kitchen: 236 g; Danish food composition table: 238 g, about 18% fat, 1996, read in FAO/INFOODS.

Spooned and leveled; 2 weighings, 244 to 245 g; with fewer than 3, USDA's measured cups decide: USDA's measured cups (1969): 245 g, 11 cups; Danish food composition table: 244 g, 1996, read in FAO/INFOODS. Greek yogurt is thicker; no source we found has weighed a cup of it (USDA's survey tables reuse plain yogurt's 245 g).

Loosely filled, 4 oz a cup as recipes count it; the middle of 5 weighings, 98 to 113 g: King Arthur Baking: 113 g; America's Test Kitchen: 113 g, 8 oz to 2 cups; USDA Food Buying Guide: 113 g, a pound to about 4 cups; USDA FoodData Central, Foundation Foods: 105 g, 2014 samples; USDA's measured cups (1969): 98 g, 20 cups. Recipes and packages count 4 oz of cheese to a cup (an 8 oz bag holds 2 cups); a cup filled lightly by hand weighs less.

Beaten, poured to the line; by density, 243 g: Azahra and others (2022): 243 g, liquid whole egg, measured. Whole eggs measured out of the shell weigh more: USDA's 1969 cups 251 g; five large eggs, about 250 g.

Poured to the line; by density, 236 to 237 g: NIST (IAPWS-95): 236 to 237 g, from 20 °C to 4 °C. Charts that write a cup of water as 8 oz, 227 g, are 4% light.

Poured or spooned to the line; by density, 335 to 339 g: White's honey density table: 335 to 339 g, from 18% to 15% water; 336 g at the US average, 17.2%. Cups filled by hand weigh less (USDA's 1969 cups: 325 g). King Arthur Baking weighs 336 g; the National Honey Board says 12 oz, 340 g.

Poured to the line; by density, 313 to 317 g: Sucrose density tables (NBS C440): 313 to 317 g, at the US and Canadian grades' 66 to 68.9 Brix; USDA's Maple Sirup Producers Manual: 315 g, at 67.5 Brix. Pure maple syrup at about 67 Brix. King Arthur Baking weighs 312 g.

Poured to the line; by density, 331 to 334 g: Grandma's Molasses specification: 332 g, 11.7 lb a gallon; Sucrose density tables (NBS C440): 332 to 334 g, at 79 to 80 Brix (USDA's grades: at least 79); NBS Circular C440: 331 g, a worked example, one molasses weighed. Cups filled by hand weigh less (USDA's 1969 cups: 309 g); King Arthur Baking's 340 g treats molasses as honey.

Spooned and leveled; the middle of 3 weighings, 84 to 86 g: USDA's measured cups (1969): 86 g, 14 cups; King Arthur Baking: 84 g; Milk Street: 85 g, measured several times, averaged. Natural and Dutch-process weigh alike (America's Test Kitchen: 84 and 86 g).

Spooned and leveled; 2 weighings, 112 to 125 g; with fewer than 3, USDA's measured cups decide: USDA's measured cups (1969): 125 g, 15 cups; King Arthur Baking: 112 g.

Spooned and leveled; the middle of 3 weighings, 239 to 288 g: Church & Dwight (Arm & Hammer): 239 g, its bulk density; Rose Levy Beranbaum: 240 g, 5 g a teaspoon; King Arthur Baking: 288 g, 3 g a half teaspoon. About 5 g a teaspoon. Labels' 0.6 g an eighth of a teaspoon is the FDA's reference amount, not a weighing.

Spooned and leveled; 2 weighings, 177 to 192 g; with fewer than 3, USDA's measured cups decide: USDA's measured cups (1969): 177 g, 27 cups, double-acting (sodium aluminum sulfate and phosphate); King Arthur Baking: 192 g, 4 g a teaspoon. About 3.7 g a teaspoon. Kinds differ: USDA's 1969 cups weighed a phosphate powder at 217 g and a tartrate powder at 181 g.

Spooned and leveled; the middle of 3 weighings, 288 to 293 g: USDA's measured cups (1969): 292 g, 27 cups; USDA FoodData Central, Foundation Foods: 293 g, 6.1 g a teaspoon, 2018 samples; King Arthur Baking: 288 g, 18 g a tablespoon. About 6 g a teaspoon. Kosher salt differs by brand: Diamond Crystal about 128 g a cup, Morton's 230 to 256 g.

Spooned and leveled; the middle of 4 weighings, 142 to 151 g: Red Star: 149 g, a 7 g packet, about 2¼ teaspoons; Fleischmann's: 151 g, a ¼ oz packet, about 2¼ teaspoons; USDA Food Buying Guide: 146 g; USDA's measured cups (1969): 142 g, 22 cups. About 3 g a teaspoon. USDA's SR Legacy gives 4 g a teaspoon (192 g a cup), heavier than every other source. Instant yeast weighs about the same (King Arthur Baking: 144 to 149 g).

Poured or spooned, and leveled; the middle of 3 weighings, 75 to 89 g: America's Test Kitchen: 85 g; King Arthur Baking: 89 g; USDA's measured cups (1969): 75 g, 80 cups. Oats vary with the flake and the brand. Quick oats run 73 to 96 g a cup by source (USDA's 1969 cups 73 g, America's Test Kitchen 96 g).

Poured and leveled, uncooked; the middle of 3 weighings, 192 to 198 g: USDA's measured cups (1969): 192 g, 28 cups; King Arthur Baking: 198 g; FAO/INFOODS: 194 g, measured by its compiler.

Poured and leveled; the middle of 4 weighings, 164 to 170 g: USDA's measured cups (1969): 167 g, 12 cups; King Arthur Baking: 170 g; America's Test Kitchen: 170 g; Milk Street: 164 g, measured several times, averaged. Labels' 15 g a tablespoon is the FDA's reference amount for baking chips, not a weighing.

Chopped, then measured; the middle of 4 weighings, 112 to 120 g: USDA's measured cups (1969): 120 g, 13 cups; America's Test Kitchen: 119 g; King Arthur Baking: 113 g; Milk Street: 112 g, measured several times, averaged. "1 cup walnuts, chopped" means measure whole, then chop: America's Test Kitchen and Rose Levy Beranbaum weigh that cup at 96 to 106 g.

Chopped, then measured; the middle of 5 weighings, 108 to 121 g: Milk Street: 114 g, measured several times, averaged; King Arthur Baking: 114 g, diced; America's Test Kitchen: 119 g; USDA's measured cups (1969): 108 g, 20 cups; USDA Food Buying Guide: 121 g. Whole pecans weigh 99 to 114 g a cup.

Packed and leveled; the middle of 3 weighings, 255 to 270 g: USDA FoodData Central, Foundation Foods: 258 g, one cup weighed, 2013; America's Test Kitchen: 255 g; King Arthur Baking: 270 g. USDA's 1969 cups, spooned rather than packed, weighed 251 g.

BIPM SI Brochure, 9th ed. (2019), §2.3.1: t/°C = T/K − 273.15

NIST SP 811 (2008) Appendix B.8: T/K = (t/°F + 459.67) / 1.8

BIPM SI Brochure, 9th ed. (2019), §2.3.1 (kelvin)

NIST SP 811 (2008) Appendix B.8: T/K = (T/°R) / 1.8

BIPM SI Brochure, 9th ed. (2019), §2.3.4 (square metre) and Table 7 (SI prefixes)

BIPM SI Brochure, 9th ed. (2019), §2.3.4 (square metre) and Table 7 (SI prefixes)

BIPM SI Brochure, 9th ed. (2019), §2.3.4 (square metre) and Table 7 (SI prefixes)

International Yard and Pound Agreement (1959): 1 in = 0.0254 m exactly, squared; NIST SP 811 (2008) Appendix B.8

International Yard and Pound Agreement (1959): 1 in = 0.0254 m exactly, squared; NIST SP 811 (2008) Appendix B.8

NIST Handbook 44, Appendix C: 1 acre = 43,560 ft² (international foot)

BIPM SI Brochure, 9th ed. (2019), Table 8: 1 ha = 10⁴ m²

International Yard and Pound Agreement (1959): 1 in = 0.0254 m exactly, squared; NIST SP 811 (2008) Appendix B.8

International Yard and Pound Agreement (1959): 1 in = 0.0254 m exactly, squared; NIST SP 811 (2008) Appendix B.8

BIPM SI Brochure, 9th ed. (2019), §2.3.4 (metre per second); Table 8 (hour = 3600 s)

BIPM SI Brochure, 9th ed. (2019), §2.3.4 (metre per second); Table 8 (hour = 3600 s)

NIST SP 811 (2008) Appendix B.8: 1 mi/h = 0.44704 m/s exactly

NIST SP 811 (2008) Appendix B.8: 1 nautical mile = 1852 m; 1 kn = 1852 m/h

International Yard and Pound Agreement (1959): 1 ft = 0.3048 m exactly

BIPM SI Brochure, 9th ed. (2019), Table 8: 1 min = 60 s; a pace of 1 min/km is 1000 m in 60 s, so m/s = (1000/60) ÷ min/km, exactly

NIST SP 811 (2008) Appendix B.9: mile per minute = 2.68224E+01 m/s (exact), the 1959 mile in 60 s; so m/s = 26.8224 ÷ min/mi

BIPM SI Brochure, 9th ed. (2019), §2.2: the speed of light in vacuum c = 299 792 458 m/s, a defining constant (exact)

BIPM SI Brochure, 9th ed. (2019), §2.3.1 (second) and Table 7 (SI prefixes)

BIPM SI Brochure, 9th ed. (2019), §2.3.1 (second) and Table 7 (SI prefixes)

BIPM SI Brochure, 9th ed. (2019), Table 8: 1 min = 60 s, 1 h = 3600 s, 1 d = 86 400 s

BIPM SI Brochure, 9th ed. (2019), Table 8: 1 min = 60 s, 1 h = 3600 s, 1 d = 86 400 s

BIPM SI Brochure, 9th ed. (2019), Table 8: 1 min = 60 s, 1 h = 3600 s, 1 d = 86 400 s

BIPM SI Brochure, 9th ed. (2019), Table 8: 1 min = 60 s, 1 h = 3600 s, 1 d = 86 400 s

Definition: 1 week = 7 days

Gregorian calendar: 400-year cycle of 146,097 days gives a mean year of 365.2425 d; mean month = year / 12 (project definition, docs/UNITS-CATALOG.md §4)

Gregorian calendar: 400-year cycle of 146,097 days gives a mean year of 365.2425 d; mean month = year / 12 (project definition, docs/UNITS-CATALOG.md §4)

BIPM SI Brochure, 9th ed. (2019), §2.3.1 (second) and Table 7 (SI prefixes)

BIPM SI Brochure, 9th ed. (2019), §2.3.1 (second) and Table 7 (SI prefixes)

IEC 80000-13:2008: 1 B = 8 bit; SI prefixes are decimal (1 kB = 10³ B)

IEC 80000-13:2008: 1 B = 8 bit; SI prefixes are decimal (1 kB = 10³ B)

IEC 80000-13:2008: 1 B = 8 bit; SI prefixes are decimal (1 kB = 10³ B)

IEC 80000-13:2008: 1 B = 8 bit; SI prefixes are decimal (1 kB = 10³ B)

IEC 80000-13:2008: 1 B = 8 bit; SI prefixes are decimal (1 kB = 10³ B)

IEC 80000-13:2008: 1 B = 8 bit; SI prefixes are decimal (1 kB = 10³ B)

IEC 80000-13:2008: 1 B = 8 bit; SI prefixes are decimal (1 kB = 10³ B)

IEC 80000-13:2008: binary prefixes Ki = 2¹⁰, Mi = 2²⁰, Gi = 2³⁰, Ti = 2⁴⁰, Pi = 2⁵⁰

IEC 80000-13:2008: binary prefixes Ki = 2¹⁰, Mi = 2²⁰, Gi = 2³⁰, Ti = 2⁴⁰, Pi = 2⁵⁰

IEC 80000-13:2008: binary prefixes Ki = 2¹⁰, Mi = 2²⁰, Gi = 2³⁰, Ti = 2⁴⁰, Pi = 2⁵⁰

IEC 80000-13:2008: binary prefixes Ki = 2¹⁰, Mi = 2²⁰, Gi = 2³⁰, Ti = 2⁴⁰, Pi = 2⁵⁰

IEC 80000-13:2008: binary prefixes Ki = 2¹⁰, Mi = 2²⁰, Gi = 2³⁰, Ti = 2⁴⁰, Pi = 2⁵⁰

IEC 80000-13:2008: 1 B = 8 bit; SI prefixes are decimal (1 kB = 10³ B)

IEC 80000-13:2008: 1 B = 8 bit; SI prefixes are decimal (1 kB = 10³ B)

IEC 80000-13:2008: 1 B = 8 bit; SI prefixes are decimal (1 kB = 10³ B)

Definition: L/100 km = 100 / (km/L); BIPM SI Brochure, 9th ed. (2019), Table 8 (litre) and Table 7 (SI prefixes)

BIPM SI Brochure, 9th ed. (2019), Table 8 (litre) and Table 7 (SI prefixes)

NIST SP 811 (2008) Appendix B.8: mile per gallon (U.S.) = 4.251437E-01 km/L; exact from 1 mi = 1.609344 km, 1 gal (U.S.) = 3.785411784 L

NIST SP 811 (2008) Appendix B.8: gallon (U.K.) = 4.54609E-03 m³ (exact); 1 mi = 1.609344 km (1959 agreement)

Definition: gal/100 mi = 100 / (mi/gal); NIST SP 811 (2008) Appendix B.8: 1 mi = 1.609344 km, 1 gal (U.S.) = 3.785411784 L

BIPM SI Brochure, 9th ed. (2019), Table 4 (joule = N·m) and Table 7 (SI prefixes)

BIPM SI Brochure, 9th ed. (2019), Table 4 (joule = N·m) and Table 7 (SI prefixes)

NIST SP 811 (2008) Appendix B.8: calorie, thermochemical = 4.184 J (exact)

NIST SP 811 (2008) Appendix B.8: calorie, thermochemical = 4.184 J (exact)

NIST SP 811 (2008) Appendix B.8: kilowatt hour = 3.6E+06 J (exact); BIPM SI Brochure, 9th ed. (2019), Table 8 (hour = 3600 s)

NIST SP 811 (2008) Appendix B.8: kilowatt hour = 3.6E+06 J (exact); BIPM SI Brochure, 9th ed. (2019), Table 8 (hour = 3600 s)

NIST SP 811 (2008) Appendix B.8: British thermal unit, International Table = 1.055056E+03 J; exact from cal_IT = 4.1868 J, 1 lb = 453.59237 g, 1 °F = 5/9 K

BIPM SI Brochure, 9th ed. (2019), Table 4 (joule = N·m) and Table 7 (SI prefixes)

BIPM SI Brochure, 9th ed. (2019), Table 4 (joule = N·m) and Table 7 (SI prefixes)

NIST SP 811 (2008) Appendix B.8: foot pound-force = 1.355818 J; exact from 1 ft = 0.3048 m, 1 lb = 0.45359237 kg, gₙ = 9.80665 m/s²

US EIA Glossary: therm = 100,000 Btu; with the International Table Btu (NIST SP 811 (2008) Appendix B.8, footnote 9: 1,055.05585262 J), 105,505,585.262 J (exact)

BIPM SI Brochure, 9th ed. (2019), Table 8: 1 eV = 1.602 176 634 × 10⁻¹⁹ J (exact)

BIPM SI Brochure, 9th ed. (2019), Table 4 (pascal = N/m²) and Table 7 (SI prefixes)

BIPM SI Brochure, 9th ed. (2019), Table 4 (pascal = N/m²) and Table 7 (SI prefixes)

NIST SP 811 (2008) Appendix B.8: pound-force per square inch = 6.894757E+03 Pa; exact from 1 lb = 0.45359237 kg, gₙ = 9.80665 m/s², 1 in = 0.0254 m

NIST SP 811 (2008) Appendix B.8: bar = 1.0E+05 Pa (exact)

NIST SP 811 (2008) Appendix B.8: atmosphere, standard = 1.01325E+05 Pa (exact)

NIST SP 811 (2008) Appendix B.8: millimeter of mercury, conventional = 1.333224E+02 Pa; inch of mercury, conventional = 3.386389E+03 Pa; conventional mercury 13 595.1 kg/m³ under gₙ = 9.80665 m/s²

NIST SP 811 (2008) Appendix B.8: millimeter of mercury, conventional = 1.333224E+02 Pa; inch of mercury, conventional = 3.386389E+03 Pa; conventional mercury 13 595.1 kg/m³ under gₙ = 9.80665 m/s²

BIPM SI Brochure, 9th ed. (2019), Table 4 (pascal = N/m²) and Table 7 (SI prefixes)

BIPM SI Brochure, 9th ed. (2019), Table 4 (pascal = N/m²) and Table 7 (SI prefixes)

BIPM SI Brochure, 9th ed. (2019), Table 4 (watt = J/s) and Table 7 (SI prefixes)

BIPM SI Brochure, 9th ed. (2019), Table 4 (watt = J/s) and Table 7 (SI prefixes)

NIST SP 811 (2008) Appendix B.8: horsepower (550 ft·lbf/s) = 7.456999E+02 W; exact from 1 ft = 0.3048 m, 1 lb = 0.45359237 kg, gₙ = 9.80665 m/s²

BIPM SI Brochure, 9th ed. (2019), Table 4 (watt = J/s) and Table 7 (SI prefixes)

NIST SP 811 (2008) Appendix B.8: horsepower, metric = 7.354988E+02 W; exact as 75 kgf·m/s, gₙ = 9.80665 m/s²

NIST SP 811 (2008) Appendix B.8: British thermal unit, International Table, per hour = 2.930711E-01 W; ton of refrigeration (12 000 Btu_IT/h) = 3.516853E+03 W

NIST SP 811 (2008) Appendix B.8: British thermal unit, International Table, per hour = 2.930711E-01 W; ton of refrigeration (12 000 Btu_IT/h) = 3.516853E+03 W

BIPM SI Brochure, 9th ed. (2019), Table 4 (watt = J/s) and Table 7 (SI prefixes)

BIPM SI Brochure, 9th ed. (2019), Table 4 (newton = kg·m/s²) and Table 7 (SI prefixes)

BIPM SI Brochure, 9th ed. (2019), Table 4 (newton = kg·m/s²) and Table 7 (SI prefixes)

NIST SP 811 (2008) Appendix B.8: pound-force (lbf) = 4.448222E+00 N; exact from 1 lb = 0.45359237 kg, gₙ = 9.80665 m/s² (footnote 23: 4.4482216152605 N)

NIST SP 811 (2008) Appendix B.8: kilogram-force (kgf) = 9.80665E+00 N (exact); kilopond (kp), the same

NIST SP 811 (2008) Appendix B.8: dyne (dyn) = 1.0E-05 N (exact)

NIST SP 811 (2008) Appendix B.8: ounce (avoirdupois)-force (ozf) = 2.780139E-01 N; exact as 1/16 lbf

NIST SP 811 (2008) Appendix B.8: kip (1 kip = 1000 lbf) = 4.448222E+03 N; exact from the pound-force

BIPM SI Brochure, 9th ed. (2019), Table 6 (moment of force: newton metre, N m) and Table 7 (SI prefixes)

NIST SP 811 (2008) Appendix B.8: pound-force foot (lbf · ft) = 1.355818E+00 N · m; exact from the pound-force (0.45359237 kg × 9.80665 m/s²) and 1 ft = 0.3048 m

NIST SP 811 (2008) Appendix B.8: pound-force inch (lbf · in) = 1.129848E-01 N · m; exact from the pound-force and 1 in = 0.0254 m

NIST SP 811 (2008) Appendix B.8: kilogram-force meter (kgf · m) = 9.80665E+00 N · m (exact)

NIST SP 811 (2008) Appendix B.8: kilogram-force = 9.80665 N (exact), at 0.01 m: 0.0980665 N · m (exact)

BIPM SI Brochure, 9th ed. (2019), Table 6 (moment of force: newton metre, N m) and Table 7 (SI prefixes)

NIST SP 811 (2008) Appendix B.8: ounce (avoirdupois)-force inch (ozf · in) = 7.061552E-03 N · m; exact as 1/16 lbf · in

BIPM SI Brochure, 9th ed. (2019), Table 8: 1° = (π/180) rad; 1′ = (1/60)° = (π/10 800) rad; 1″ = (1/60)′ = (π/648 000) rad

BIPM SI Brochure, 9th ed. (2019), Table 8: 1° = (π/180) rad; 1′ = (1/60)° = (π/10 800) rad; 1″ = (1/60)′ = (π/648 000) rad

BIPM SI Brochure, 9th ed. (2019), Table 4 (radian = m/m)

NIST SP 811 (2008) Appendix B.8: gon = 9.0E-01 degree (exact) = 1.570796E-02 rad

BIPM SI Brochure, 9th ed. (2019), Table 8: 1° = (π/180) rad; 1′ = (1/60)° = (π/10 800) rad; 1″ = (1/60)′ = (π/648 000) rad

BIPM SI Brochure, 9th ed. (2019), Table 8: 1° = (π/180) rad; 1′ = (1/60)° = (π/10 800) rad; 1″ = (1/60)′ = (π/648 000) rad

Definition: 1 revolution = 360°; BIPM SI Brochure, 9th ed. (2019), Table 8: 1° = (π/180) rad

ISO/TS 19407:2015, read through GOST R 57425-2017, its adoption, §2.2 d): the US system is the UK one shifted one size for men’s shoes and two for women’s

ISO/TS 19407:2015, read through GOST R 57425-2017, its adoption, §2.2 d): the US system is the UK one shifted one size for men’s shoes and two for women’s

ISO/TS 19407:2015, read through GOST R 57425-2017, its adoption, Table 3 (children), straight lines between its rows

ISO/TS 19407:2015, read through GOST R 57425-2017, its adoption, §2.2 c): UK adult = (lf + 2 × 8.47)/8.47 − 25, lf the foot length in mm

ISO/TS 19407:2015, read through GOST R 57425-2017, its adoption, Table 3 (children), straight lines between its rows

ISO/TS 19407:2015, read through GOST R 57425-2017, its adoption, §2.2 b): EUR = (lf + 2 × 6.67)/6.67, lf the foot length in mm

ISO/TS 19407:2015, read through GOST R 57425-2017, its adoption, Table 3 (children), straight lines between its rows

ISO 9407:2019: Mondopoint is the foot length in mm; ISO/TS 19407:2015, read through GOST R 57425-2017, its adoption, §2.2 a) and Table 1 (Mondopoint, China and Japan)

ISO 9407:2019: Mondopoint is the foot length in mm; ISO/TS 19407:2015, read through GOST R 57425-2017, its adoption, §2.2 a) and Table 1 (Mondopoint, China and Japan)

ISO/TS 19407:2015, read through GOST R 57425-2017, its adoption, §2.2 a): Japan sometimes expresses the size in centimetres; Table 1 (Mondopoint, China and Japan)

adult, adidas.com size charts (manual capture from reading mode, 2026-10-20), read 2026-10-21; its length the foot’s.

Kids, composed, manual: kids_0_3 (adidas.com size charts (manual capture from reading mode, 2026-10-20)); manual: kids_4_7 (adidas.com size charts (manual capture from reading mode, 2026-10-20)); manual: kids_8_16 (adidas.com size charts (manual capture from reading mode, 2026-10-20)), read 2026-10-21; its length the foot’s.

Men's shoes size chart, asics.com/us, Customer Service, ASICS Size & Fit Guide, ASICS Size Guide, the Gender menu (Men, Women, Kids), the Shoes product type, read 2026-10-21; its length a size label, not the foot. Its NZ and AU pages say to add 1 to 1.5 cm to the foot to read its CM column, so the foot is the label less a centimetre; its US page adds a half size for running shoes. The foot is read as its centimetre label less 1 cm, the brand’s own rule.

Women's shoes size chart, asics.com/us, Customer Service, ASICS Size & Fit Guide, ASICS Size Guide, the Gender menu (Men, Women, Kids), the Shoes product type, read 2026-10-21; its length a size label, not the foot. Its NZ and AU pages say to add 1 to 1.5 cm to the foot to read its CM column, so the foot is the label less a centimetre; its US page adds a half size for running shoes. The foot is read as its centimetre label less 1 cm, the brand’s own rule.

Kids, composed, asics.com/us: Kids shoes chart (asics.com/us, Customer Service, ASICS Size & Fit Guide, ASICS Size Guide, the Gender menu (Men, Women, Kids), the Shoes product type), read 2026-10-21; its length a size label, not the foot. Its NZ and AU pages say to add 1 to 1.5 cm to the foot to read its CM column, so the foot is the label less a centimetre; its US page adds a half size for running shoes. The foot is read as its centimetre label less 1 cm, the brand’s own rule.

PRINTABLE SIZING TEMPLATE A4: size table, https://www.birkenstock.com/on/demandware.static/-/Library-Sites-birkenstock-amer/default/dwa81bfd9b/documents/Measurement_Template_US_A4.pdf, read 2026-10-21; its length the foot’s. Whole EU sizes: two US half sizes share one.

Kids, composed, birkenstock.com (Sites-EU-Site en_NL): Kids: EU sizes and measurements (in mm) (https://www.birkenstock.com/on/demandware.store/Sites-EU-Site/en_NL/FitGuide-SizeChart); birkenstock.com/gb: Kids: UK sizes and measurements (in mm) (https://www.birkenstock.com/gb/fit-guide-size-chart.html); birkenstock.com/us: Size Conversion Chart: Kids (https://www.birkenstock.com/us/fit-guide/), read 2026-10-21; its length the foot’s. Whole EU sizes: two US half sizes share one.

Men's, composed, brooksrunning.com/en_gb (UK): Men's running shoes, Shoe size comparison (https://www.brooksrunning.com/en_gb/main-size-guide/?sizeChartIdNew=size-men%3Asize-men-shoes&ajaxCall=true); brooksrunning.com: Men's shoes (brooksrunning.com, the Women's, Men's, and All gender size guides, their Shoes tab), read 2026-10-21; its length the foot’s. Its foot lengths are its UK site’s, brooksrunning.com/en_gb; its US page prints the same sizes without them.

Women's, composed, brooksrunning.com/en_gb (UK): Women's running shoes, Shoe size comparison (https://www.brooksrunning.com/en_gb/main-size-guide/); brooksrunning.com: Women's shoes (brooksrunning.com, the Women's, Men's, and All gender size guides, their Shoes tab), read 2026-10-21; its length the foot’s. Its foot lengths are its UK site’s, brooksrunning.com/en_gb; its US page prints the same sizes without them.

Men's, composed, clarks.com/en-gb: Mens Clarks Shoe Sizes (https://www.clarks.com/en-gb/fitguide); clarks.com/en-us: Men's Shoe Size Chart (https://www.clarks.com/en-us/fit-guide/mens), read 2026-10-21; its length the foot’s. Its GB and US pages joined on the UK size they share.

Women's, composed, clarks.com/en-gb: Womens Clarks Shoe Sizes (https://www.clarks.com/en-gb/fitguide); clarks.com/en-us: Women's Shoe Size Chart (US & UK) (https://www.clarks.com/en-us/fit-guide/womens), read 2026-10-21; its length the foot’s. Its GB and US pages joined on the UK size they share.

Kids, composed, clarks.com/en-gb: Kids & Babies Clarks Shoe Sizes (https://www.clarks.com/en-gb/fitguide); clarks.com.au: Kids: Baby/Toddler (https://clarks.com.au/pages/size-guide); clarks.com.au: Kids: Junior Kids (https://clarks.com.au/pages/size-guide); clarks.com.au: Kids: Senior Kids (https://clarks.com.au/pages/size-guide), read 2026-10-21; its length the foot’s. Its GB and US pages joined on the UK size they share.

Men's Chuck Taylor All Star, converse.com/size-chart-guide (Men's and Women's, Chuck Sneakers and Standard Sneakers, under the inches and cm toggles; Kids'; Babies & Toddlers), read 2026-10-21; its length the foot’s. The Chuck Taylor All Star table.

Women's Chuck Taylor, converse.com/size-chart-guide (Men's and Women's, Chuck Sneakers and Standard Sneakers, under the inches and cm toggles; Kids'; Babies & Toddlers), read 2026-10-21; its length the foot’s. The Chuck Taylor All Star table.

Kids, composed, converse.com: Babies & toddlers shoes (converse.com/size-chart-guide (Men's and Women's, Chuck Sneakers and Standard Sneakers, under the inches and cm toggles; Kids'; Babies & Toddlers)); converse.com: Kids' shoes (converse.com/size-chart-guide (Men's and Women's, Chuck Sneakers and Standard Sneakers, under the inches and cm toggles; Kids'; Babies & Toddlers)), read 2026-10-21; its length the foot’s. The Chuck Taylor All Star table.

Adults, https://www.crocs.com/size-chart/default.json, read 2026-10-21; its length the foot’s. Whole sizes; its EU is a pair, 43–44.

Kids, composed, crocs.com/size-chart: Kids' (crocs.com/size-chart as rendered (Adult and Kids' under the Inches and Centimeters toggles)), read 2026-10-21; its length the foot’s. Whole sizes; its EU is a pair, 43–44.

Women's and Men's, cm toggle, https://www.drmartens.com/us/en/about/size-guide, read 2026-10-21; its length the foot’s. Whole sizes, the half sizes US women’s only; the brand says sizes differ between silhouettes.

Kids, composed, pasted: Kid's Sizing (https://www.drmartens.com/us/en/about/size-guide), read 2026-10-21; its length a size label, not the foot. Whole sizes, the half sizes US women’s only; the brand says sizes differ between silhouettes.

men, hoka.com/en/us/sizing-information.html (Women / Men / All Gender / Kids; Regular / Wide; in / cm toggles), 2026-10-20, read 2026-10-21; its length the foot’s.

women, hoka.com/en/us/sizing-information.html (Women / Men / All Gender / Kids; Regular / Wide; in / cm toggles), 2026-10-20, read 2026-10-21; its length the foot’s.

Kids, composed, manual: kids (hoka.com/en/us/sizing-information.html (Women / Men / All Gender / Kids; Regular / Wide; in / cm toggles), 2026-10-20), read 2026-10-21; its length the foot’s.

men, newbalance.com Size & Width Guide (web page text + saved PDFs + printable measuring tools), 2026-10-20, read 2026-10-21; its length a size label, not the foot. Its length column is the standard centimetre label: measured inside, its 9 is every brand’s 9, so its sizes read by ISO’s label.

women, newbalance.com Size & Width Guide (web page text + saved PDFs + printable measuring tools), 2026-10-20, read 2026-10-21; its length a size label, not the foot. Its length column is the standard centimetre label: measured inside, its 9 is every brand’s 9, so its sizes read by ISO’s label.

Kids, composed, manual: kids_0_4 (newbalance.com Size & Width Guide (web page text + saved PDFs + printable measuring tools), 2026-10-20); manual: kids_4_8 (newbalance.com Size & Width Guide (web page text + saved PDFs + printable measuring tools), 2026-10-20); manual: kids_8_12 (newbalance.com Size & Width Guide (web page text + saved PDFs + printable measuring tools), 2026-10-20), read 2026-10-21; its length a size label, not the foot. Its length column is the standard centimetre label: measured inside, its 9 is every brand’s 9, so its sizes read by ISO’s label.

Men's Footwear, https://www.nike.com/size-fit/mens-footwear, read 2026-10-21; its length the foot’s.

Women's Footwear, https://www.nike.com/size-fit/womens-footwear, read 2026-10-21; its length the foot’s.

Kids, composed, nike.com/us: Kids' Footwear - Babies & Toddlers (1C - 10C) (https://www.nike.com/size-fit/kids-footwear); nike.com/us: Kids' Footwear - Little Kids (8C - 3Y) (https://www.nike.com/size-fit/kids-footwear); nike.com/us: Kids' Footwear - Big Kids (1Y - 7Y) (https://www.nike.com/size-fit/kids-footwear), read 2026-10-21; its length the foot’s.

men, on.com product Size & Fit panel (Mens Shoes, Womens Shoes, Kids Shoes; kids panel has cm/inches toggle), 2026-10-20, read 2026-10-21; its length a size label, not the foot. Its FAQ says its JP label is the foot plus about a centimetre. The foot is read as its centimetre label less 1 cm, the brand’s own rule.

women, on.com product Size & Fit panel (Mens Shoes, Womens Shoes, Kids Shoes; kids panel has cm/inches toggle), 2026-10-20, read 2026-10-21; its length a size label, not the foot. Its FAQ says its JP label is the foot plus about a centimetre. The foot is read as its centimetre label less 1 cm, the brand’s own rule.

Kids, composed, manual: kids (on.com product Size & Fit panel (Mens Shoes, Womens Shoes, Kids Shoes; kids panel has cm/inches toggle), 2026-10-20), read 2026-10-21; its length the foot’s. Its FAQ says its JP label is the foot plus about a centimetre. The foot is read as its centimetre label less 1 cm, the brand’s own rule.

Men's shoes, us.puma.com, the Size guide panel on product pages (a men's shoe, a women's shoe, Speedcat Ballet Suede Big Kids Sneakers 406132), read 2026-10-21; no length printed. Its printed lengths are the shoe’s inside: at a US 9, 27.0 cm against RunRepeat’s 26.96 cm median over 18 models.

Women's shoes, us.puma.com, the Size guide panel on product pages (a men's shoe, a women's shoe, Speedcat Ballet Suede Big Kids Sneakers 406132), read 2026-10-21; no length printed. Its printed lengths are the shoe’s inside: at a US 9, 27.0 cm against RunRepeat’s 26.96 cm median over 18 models.

Kids, composed, us.puma.com: Kids' sizing: Toddler shoes (us.puma.com, the Size guide panel on product pages (a men's shoe, a women's shoe, Speedcat Ballet Suede Big Kids Sneakers 406132)); us.puma.com: Kids' sizing: Little kids' shoes (us.puma.com, the Size guide panel on product pages (a men's shoe, a women's shoe, Speedcat Ballet Suede Big Kids Sneakers 406132)); us.puma.com: Kids' sizing: Junior shoes (us.puma.com, the Size guide panel on product pages (a men's shoe, a women's shoe, Speedcat Ballet Suede Big Kids Sneakers 406132)), read 2026-10-21; no length printed. Its printed lengths are the shoe’s inside: at a US 9, 27.0 cm against RunRepeat’s 26.96 cm median over 18 models.

Men's, composed, reebok.com: Men's Shoes Size Guide (https://www.reebok.com/pages/size-guides); reebok.com.au (AU): Men's Size Guides, Men's Footwear (https://reebok.com.au/pages/size-guides), read 2026-10-21; its length the foot’s. UK and EU from its Australian guide, reebok.com.au; its US page prints US sizes and inches alone.

Women's, composed, reebok.com: Women's Shoes Size Guide (https://www.reebok.com/pages/size-guides); reebok.com.au (AU): Women's Size Guides, Women's Footwear (https://reebok.com.au/pages/size-guides), read 2026-10-21; its length the foot’s. UK and EU from its Australian guide, reebok.com.au; its US page prints US sizes and inches alone.

Kids, composed, reebok.com: TODDLER & BABY SHOES SIZING (https://www.reebok.com/pages/kids-shoe-size-guide); reebok.com: PRESCHOOL/LITTLE KIDS SHOES SIZING (https://www.reebok.com/pages/kids-shoe-size-guide); reebok.com: GRADE SCHOOL/BIG KIDS SHOES SIZING (https://www.reebok.com/pages/kids-shoe-size-guide), read 2026-10-21; its length the foot’s. UK and EU from its Australian guide, reebok.com.au; its US page prints US sizes and inches alone.

Unisex Footwear, https://www.salomon.com/en-us/sizingchart, read 2026-10-21; its length the foot’s.

Kids, composed, salomon.com/en-us: Kid's Footwear (https://www.salomon.com/en-us/sizingchart), read 2026-10-21; its length the foot’s.

Men's, https://www.skechers.com/size-chart/, read 2026-10-21; no length printed. Its Australian guide prints a CM column it never explains; its sizes read by ISO’s label.

Women's, https://www.skechers.com/size-chart/, read 2026-10-21; no length printed. Its Australian guide prints a CM column it never explains; its sizes read by ISO’s label.

Kids, composed, skechers.com (re-read): Infant & Toddler (skechers.com/size-chart/, the four tabs); skechers.com (re-read): Kids' (skechers.com/size-chart/, the four tabs), read 2026-10-21; no length printed. Its Australian guide prints a CM column it never explains; its sizes read by ISO’s label.

men, timberland.com size charts (Men / Women / Kids: Infant, Toddler, Youth, Junior / Timberland PRO men's & women's; inch and cm toggles), 2026-10-20, read 2026-10-21; its length the foot’s.

women, timberland.com size charts (Men / Women / Kids: Infant, Toddler, Youth, Junior / Timberland PRO men's & women's; inch and cm toggles), 2026-10-20, read 2026-10-21; its length the foot’s.

Kids, composed, manual: infant (timberland.com size charts (Men / Women / Kids: Infant, Toddler, Youth, Junior / Timberland PRO men's & women's; inch and cm toggles), 2026-10-20); manual: toddler (timberland.com size charts (Men / Women / Kids: Infant, Toddler, Youth, Junior / Timberland PRO men's & women's; inch and cm toggles), 2026-10-20); manual: youth (timberland.com size charts (Men / Women / Kids: Infant, Toddler, Youth, Junior / Timberland PRO men's & women's; inch and cm toggles), 2026-10-20); manual: junior (timberland.com size charts (Men / Women / Kids: Infant, Toddler, Youth, Junior / Timberland PRO men's & women's; inch and cm toggles), 2026-10-20), read 2026-10-21; its length the foot’s.

men, ugg.com size chart (Footwear: Women's, Women's Wide, Men's, Men's Wide, All-Gender, Big Kids, Toddlers, Baby) + UGG Kid's Shoe Fit Guide PDF, 2026-10-20, read 2026-10-21; its length the foot’s.

women, ugg.com size chart (Footwear: Women's, Women's Wide, Men's, Men's Wide, All-Gender, Big Kids, Toddlers, Baby) + UGG Kid's Shoe Fit Guide PDF, 2026-10-20, read 2026-10-21; its length the foot’s.

Kids, composed, manual: baby (ugg.com size chart (Footwear: Women's, Women's Wide, Men's, Men's Wide, All-Gender, Big Kids, Toddlers, Baby) + UGG Kid's Shoe Fit Guide PDF, 2026-10-20); manual: toddlers (ugg.com size chart (Footwear: Women's, Women's Wide, Men's, Men's Wide, All-Gender, Big Kids, Toddlers, Baby) + UGG Kid's Shoe Fit Guide PDF, 2026-10-20); manual: big_kids (ugg.com size chart (Footwear: Women's, Women's Wide, Men's, Men's Wide, All-Gender, Big Kids, Toddlers, Baby) + UGG Kid's Shoe Fit Guide PDF, 2026-10-20), read 2026-10-21; its length the foot’s.

Men's Shoes Size Chart, https://www.underarmour.com/en-us/t/size-guide/mens-footwear/, read 2026-10-21; its length a size label, not the foot. Its CM column is the standard centimetre label: measured inside, its 9 is every brand’s 9, so its sizes read by ISO’s label.

Women's Shoes Size Chart, https://www.underarmour.com/en-us/t/size-guide/womens-footwear/, read 2026-10-21; its length a size label, not the foot. Its CM column is the standard centimetre label: measured inside, its 9 is every brand’s 9, so its sizes read by ISO’s label.

Kids, composed, underarmour.com (re-read): Boys' Shoes (underarmour.com/en-us/t/size-guide/, mens-, womens-, boys-, and girls-footwear), read 2026-10-21; its length a size label, not the foot. Its CM column is the standard centimetre label: measured inside, its 9 is every brand’s 9, so its sizes read by ISO’s label.

adult, vans.com Clothing & Shoe Fit Guide (Men / Women / Kids tabs, inch and cm toggles), 2026-10-20, read 2026-10-21; its length a size label, not the foot. Its length column is the standard centimetre label: measured inside, its 9 is every brand’s 9, so its sizes read by ISO’s label.

Kids, composed, manual: infants (vans.com Clothing & Shoe Fit Guide (Men / Women / Kids tabs, inch and cm toggles), 2026-10-20); manual: toddlers (vans.com Clothing & Shoe Fit Guide (Men / Women / Kids tabs, inch and cm toggles), 2026-10-20); manual: kids (vans.com Clothing & Shoe Fit Guide (Men / Women / Kids tabs, inch and cm toggles), 2026-10-20); manual: youth (vans.com Clothing & Shoe Fit Guide (Men / Women / Kids tabs, inch and cm toggles), 2026-10-20), read 2026-10-21; its length a size label, not the foot. Its length column is the standard centimetre label: measured inside, its 9 is every brand’s 9, so its sizes read by ISO’s label.